The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), also known as US-ASCII, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1960s. It was tailored primarily for the English language and employs a 7-bit encoding scheme, which covers 128 characters. This encoding standard includes 33 non-printable control characters and 95 printable ones. Historically, ASCII has played a pivotal role in shaping subsequent character encoding standards, such as ISO 8859-1 and UTF-8.

English

ASCII

The ISO 8859-1, also known as Latin-1, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was tailored for the various Western European languages, including English, French, German, Spanish, and others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can cover up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are the same as in ASCII. Historically, the ISO 8859-1 was widely adopted in the early days of the internet.

Italian

Spanish

Portuguese

French

German

Dutch

Danish

Swedish

Norwegian

Icelandic

ISO 8859-1

The ISO 8859-2, also known as Latin-2, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was tailored for various Central and Eastern European languages, including Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Serbian (using the Latin script), among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in ASCII.

Czech

Hungarian

Polish

Romanian

Croatian

Slovak

Slovenian

Serbian (Latin script)

ISO 8859-2

The ISO 8859-3, also known as Latin-3, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for various Southern European languages, including Maltese and Esperanto, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in ASCII.

Maltese

Esperanto

ISO 8859-3

The ISO 8859-4, also known as Latin-4, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for various North European languages, including Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and among others. It is an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in ASCII.

Estonian

Latvian

Lithuanian

ISO 8859-4

The ISO 8859-5, also known as Latin/Cyrillic, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for various languages using a Cyrillic alphabet, including Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian, and Serbian, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Bulgarian

Belarusian

Russian

Serbian (Cyrillic script)

ISO 8859-5

The ISO 8859-6, also known as Latin/Arabic, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for various languages using the Arabic alphabet, such as Arabic. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Arabic

ISO 8859-6

The ISO 8859-7, also known as Latin/Greek, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for the Greek language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Greek

ISO 8859-7

The ISO 8859-8, also known as Latin/Hebrew, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for the Hebrew language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Hebrew

ISO 8859-8

The ISO 8859-9, also known as Latin-5, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1980s. It was designed for the Turkish language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 different characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Turkish

ISO 8859-9

The ISO 8859-10, also known as Latin-6, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1990s. It was designed to cover the Nordic languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Faroese

ISO 8859-10

The ISO 8859-11, also known as Latin/Thai, is a character encoding standard developed in 2001. It was designed to cover the Thai language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Thai

ISO 8859-11

The ISO 8859-13, also known as Latin-7, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1990s. It was designed to cover the Baltic languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

ISO 8859-13

The ISO 8859-14, also known as Latin-8, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1990s. It was designed to cover the Celtic languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Irish

Scottish Gaelic

Welsh

Breton

ISO 8859-14

The ISO 8859-15, also known as Latin-9, is a character encoding standard developed in the 1990s. It was designed to cover Western European languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

ISO 8859-15

The ISO 8859-16, also known as Latin-10, is a character encoding standard developed in 2001. It was designed to cover South-Eastern European languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Albanian

ISO 8859-16

The Windows-1250, also known as CP-1250, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover Central and Eastern European languages that use the Latin script, such as Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, and Slovenian, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1250

The Windows-1251, also known as CP-1251, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script, such as Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, and Serbian, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Ukrainian

Windows 1251

The Windows-1252, also known as CP-1252, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover Western European languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1252

The Windows-1253, also known as CP-1253, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover the Greek language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1253

The Windows-1254, also known as CP-1254, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover the Turkish language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1254

The Windows-1255, also known as CP-1255, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover the Hebrew language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1255

The Windows-1256, also known as CP-1256, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover the Arabic language. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1256

The Windows-1257, also known as CP-1257, is a character encoding standard developed by Microsoft. It was designed to cover the Baltic languages, such as Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Windows 1257

The CP-437, also known as DOS Latin US, is a character encoding standard developed by IBM. It was primarily designed for the English language, although it includes characters for several other languages and special symbols. Beyond English, CP-437 provides support for characters used in various Western European languages (such as German and Swedish), includes letters from the Greek alphabet, and features line-drawing symbols. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

CP 437

The CP-850, also known as DOS Western European, is a character encoding standard developed by IBM. It was mainly designed for Western European languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

CP 850

The CP-852, also known as DOS Central European, is a character encoding standard developed by IBM. It was mainly designed for Central European languages that use the Latin script, such as Czech, Hungarian, Polish, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

CP 852

The CP-865, also known as DOS Nordic, is a character encoding standard developed by IBM. It was mainly designed for Nordic languages. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

CP 865

The CP-866, also known as DOS Cyrillic, is a character encoding standard developed by IBM. It was mainly designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script, such as Russian and Bulgarian, among others. It employs an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

CP 866

The MacRoman, also known as Macintosh Roman, is a character encoding standard developed by Apple Inc. It was primarily designed for Western European languages, including English, French, and German, among others. It utilizes an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

MacRoman

The MacCyrillic, also known as Macintosh Cyrillic, is a character encoding standard developed by Apple Inc. It was primarily designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script, such as Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbian, among others. It utilizes an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

MacCyrillic

The KOI8-R, also known as Kod Obmena Informatsii 8-bit Russian, is a character encoding standard designed for the Russian language. It utilizes an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

KOI8-R

The KOI8-U, also known as Kod Obmena Informatsii 8-bit Ukrainian, is a character encoding standard designed for the Ukrainian language. It utilizes an 8-bit encoding scheme, which can represent up to 256 characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

KOI8-U

The KOI8-RU, also known as Kod Obmena Informatsii 8-bit, is a character encoding standard primarily for Russian, but it also supports the Ukrainian language. It uses an 8-bit encoding scheme capable of representing up to 256 different characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

KOI8-RU

The KOI8-T, also known as Kod Obmena Informatsii 8-bit Tajik, is a character encoding standard designed for the Tajik language. It uses an 8-bit encoding scheme capable of representing up to 256 different characters. The first 128 characters are identical to those in the ASCII standard.

Tajik

KOI8-T

The GBK, also known as Guojia Biaozhun Kuozhan, is a character encoding standard developed primarily for the Simplified Chinese language. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

Chinese

The GB2312, also known as Guojia Biaozhun, is a character encoding standard designed primarily for the Simplified Chinese language. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

GB2312

The GB18030, also recognized as Guojia Biaozhun, is a character encoding standard for Simplified and Traditional Chinese characters. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

GB18030

The Big5 is a character encoding standard for Traditional Chinese characters. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

Big5

The Big5-HKSCS, also known as the Big5 Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, is an extension of the Big5 encoding standard. It is used for Traditional Chinese characters and also incorporates additional characters specific to Hong Kong. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

Big5-HKSCS

Shift-JIS is a character encoding for the Japanese language. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

Japanese

Shift-JIS

EUC-JP is a character encoding for the Japanese language. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

EUC-JP

EUC-KR is a character encoding for the Korean language. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte encoding scheme.

Korean

EUC-KR

UTF-8 is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte scheme.

UTF-8

UTF-16 is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte scheme.

UTF-16

UTF-16 BE is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It uses a big-endian byte order and was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte scheme.

UTF-16 (Big Endian)

UTF-16 LE is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It uses a little-endian byte order and was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a variable-width, multi-byte scheme.

UTF-16 (Little Endian)

UTF-32 is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a fixed-width, four-byte scheme.

UTF-32

UTF-32 BE is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It uses a big-endian byte order and was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a fixed-width, four-byte scheme.

UTF-32 (Big Endian)

UTF-32 LE is a character encoding standard that supports a wide range of languages and characters. It uses a little-endian byte order and was created in the 1990s. It utilizes a fixed-width, four-byte scheme.

Name	Type
ASCII	7 bits
Big5	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
Big5-HKSCS	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
CP 437	1 byte
CP 850	1 byte
CP 852	1 byte
CP 865	1 byte
CP 866	1 byte
EUC-JP	1 to 3 bytes (variable-width)
EUC-KR	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
GB18030	1, 2, or 4 bytes (variable-width)
GB2312	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
GBK	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
ISO 8859-1	1 byte
ISO 8859-10	1 byte
ISO 8859-11	1 byte
ISO 8859-13	1 byte
ISO 8859-14	1 byte
ISO 8859-15	1 byte
ISO 8859-16	1 byte
ISO 8859-2	1 byte
ISO 8859-3	1 byte
ISO 8859-4	1 byte
ISO 8859-5	1 byte
ISO 8859-6	1 byte
ISO 8859-7	1 byte
ISO 8859-8	1 byte
ISO 8859-9	1 byte
KOI8-R	1 byte
KOI8-RU	1 byte
KOI8-T	1 byte
KOI8-U	1 byte
MacCyrillic	1 byte
MacRoman	1 byte
Shift-JIS	1 to 2 bytes (variable-width)
UTF-16	2 or 4 bytes (variable-width)
UTF-16 (Big Endian)	2 or 4 bytes (variable-width)
UTF-16 (Little Endian)	2 or 4 bytes (variable-width)
UTF-32	4 bytes
UTF-32 (Big Endian)	4 bytes
UTF-32 (Little Endian)	4 bytes
UTF-8	1 to 4 bytes (variable-width)
Windows 1250	1 byte
Windows 1251	1 byte
Windows 1252	1 byte
Windows 1253	1 byte
Windows 1254	1 byte
Windows 1255	1 byte
Windows 1256	1 byte
Windows 1257	1 byte

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